Qissa o bairam e Gul andman written by Tab’i is an important work of the period. In 1655, Ibn e Nishati wrote Phul ban, a romance in 1300 lines. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth sultan of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golkonda and founder of the city of Hyderabad, was a royal poet and prolific writer in Persian and Dakhini. See also: Deccani language Qutub Shahi poets (1590-1687) Other important writers include Shah Miranji and his son Shah Buran. Important writers of this period include Bande Nawaz whose Miraj ul Asiquin, a Sufi tract is one of the earliest Urdu prose. The works composed during this period are mostly Dakhini prose and poetry on religious themes. This dialect, which up to 1375 had no difference with Delhi Urdu, influenced by local languages like Gujarati and Marathi came to be known as Dakhini. The Bahmani sultans cultivated the use of Urdu in the kingdom as opposed to Persian which was the court language of the Delhi Sultanate. In 1326, Muhammad bin Tughluq shifted his capital from Delhi to the Deccan and in 1347 Zafar Khan, his governor in the Deccan, declared independence establishing the Bahmani Sultanate and took the title of Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah. An early form of Urdu was first introduced in the Deccan by the soldiers of Alauddin Khalji who raided the Deccan from 1294 to 1311. Literary composition in Urdu first started in the Deccan in the 14th century. The Urdu language, with a vocabulary almost evenly split between Sanskrit-derived Prakrit and Arabo- Persian words, was a reflection of this cultural amalgamation.
The continuing traditions of Islam and patronisations of foreign culture centuries earlier by Muslim rulers, usually of Turkic or Afghan descent, marked their influence on the Urdu language given that both cultural heritages were strongly present throughout Urdu territory. Urdu literature originated some time around the 14th century in present-day North India among the sophisticated gentry of the courts.
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Literary works written in Urdu language Part of a series on
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